Otitis media (OM) in dogs can occur as a primary condition instead of as an extension of an otitis externa (OE), characterized by the presence of fluid in the middle ear (ME) referred to as OM with effusion (OME). These results suggest that the weekly application of cAD-MSCCM accelerates the TM EM rate. The results showed a higher TM EM rate in the treatment group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Then, cAD-MSCCM was applied weekly, a total of three times to the TMs of one ear, and nothing was applied to the other eye. ![]() Ink drops were placed on the TMs of four normal beagles. Canine adipose tissue derived-mesenchymal stem cell conditioned media (cAD-MSCCM), and several cytokines related to keratinocyte growth or migration within the media were quantified using ELISA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of canine stem cell conditioned media to accelerate EM in canine TMs. Stem cells or their conditioned media have been used in medical therapy in humans to increase the rate and efficacy of EM. Therefore, increasing the rate of EM or TM regeneration could be very important for healthy ear maintenance and function. EM is important for maintaining healthy ears because this process removes cerumen and debris. Similar to skin, epithelia in the tympanic membrane (TM) regenerate and move toward the opening of the external ear canal, a process called epithelial migration (EM). The TM usually heals within 35 days if kept free of infection. A thorough understanding of the anatomy, technique and potential ototoxicity of topical therapy is needed to minimize the risk of neurological and other complications. The myringotomy incision should be made in the caudoventral quadrant of the TM using an appropriately sized urinary catheter to collect samples and flush the middle ear cavity. ![]() Myringotomies should be performed under general anaesthesia and, wherever possible, using a video otoscope the enhanced view and instrument ports facilitate the technique and reduce the risk of complications. Samples should be collected for cytological investigation and culture, and then the external ear should be cleaned and dried (if required). It should be considered whenever the TM is intact and there is clinical evidence of otitis media, abnormal TMs and/or abnormal diagnostic imaging. This gives access to the middle ear for sampling, flushing and instilling topical therapy. A myringotomy is a surgical incision made in the tympanic membrane (TM).
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